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Ovarian Torsion: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Ovarian Torsion?

Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency. It happens when an ovary twists around the tissues that hold it in place. This twist can cut off blood flow to the ovary. As a result, the ovary may become damaged if not treated quickly. Ovarian torsion can affect women of any age, but it is more common during childbearing years. Because it can cause severe pain and other problems, quick action is important.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Torsion

Ovarian torsion often causes sudden and severe pain. However, symptoms can vary from person to person. Knowing the signs of ovarian torsion can help you seek help faster. Common symptoms include:

  • Sudden, sharp pain in the lower belly, usually on one side
  • Pain that may come and go or get worse over time
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Fever in some cases
  • Feeling faint or dizzy

    • Sometimes, the pain may spread to the back or thigh. If you notice these signs, especially with severe pain, seek medical help right away.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Ovarian torsion happens when the ovary twists. But what causes this twist? Several factors can increase your risk. For example, having an ovarian cyst or mass can make the ovary heavier. This extra weight makes twisting more likely. Other risk factors include:

  • Ovarian cysts or tumors
  • Fertility treatments that enlarge the ovaries
  • Pregnancy, especially in the first trimester
  • Previous ovarian torsion
  • Long or flexible ligaments that support the ovary

    • Although anyone can get ovarian torsion, these factors raise the chances. According to the CDC, ovarian torsion is rare but serious. It accounts for about 3% of gynecologic emergencies.

    How Ovarian Torsion is Diagnosed

    Doctors use several steps for ovarian torsion diagnosis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. Because symptoms can look like other problems, tests are needed. Common tests include:

  • Ultrasound: This imaging test helps doctors see the ovary and check blood flow.
  • Blood tests: These can show signs of infection or damage.
  • CT scan or MRI: Sometimes, these are used to get more details.

    • Even with tests, ovarian torsion can be hard to confirm. Often, doctors make the final diagnosis during surgery.

    Treatment Options for Ovarian Torsion

    Ovarian torsion treatment options depend on how severe the problem is. However, surgery is almost always needed. The main goal is to untwist the ovary and restore blood flow. Treatment steps may include:

  • Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgery to untwist the ovary.
  • Laparotomy: An open surgery, used if the ovary is very damaged.
  • Removal of cysts or masses if present.
  • Ovary removal (oophorectomy) if the tissue cannot be saved.

    • Early treatment can save the ovary. Therefore, do not delay seeking help if you have symptoms.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

    While you cannot always prevent ovarian torsion, some steps may lower your risk. Here are some tips on how to prevent ovarian torsion:

  • Get regular pelvic exams to check for cysts or masses.
  • Follow your doctor’s advice if you are on fertility treatments.
  • Report any sudden or severe pelvic pain right away.
  • Discuss any family history of ovarian problems with your doctor.

    • Although these steps cannot guarantee prevention, they can help catch problems early.

    When to Seek Medical Help

    If you experience sudden, severe pain in your lower belly, especially with nausea, vomiting, or fever, don’t wait—seek emergency care immediately. Ovarian torsion can cause permanent damage if not treated quickly, and early action can significantly impact your recovery.

    If you suspect ovarian torsion, consult Dr. Pavani’s Clinic for prompt, expert care. We are here to guide you every step of the way.